Immanuel Kant And Ayn Rand Essay - 970 Words

Philosophy is amongst the most difficult and challenging subjects anyone can discuss. Philosophy has changed throughout the years and it can be inquiring and critical. Most philosophers have different theories on how the world should be and there are many issues and questions that arise. What is real; what is truth; what is the good; is the mind something separate from the body; and are we free, or are our actions determined so that we no longer have any control or influence? Immanuel Kant and Ayn Rand are two Philosophers that are respected for their different philosophies. Their lives, influences, and thoughts of how we should be as a society are ideas that make them so different. For most people, to figure out who someone is and why they think the way they do, one has to step in to the other’s shoes to see who they are. Immanuel Kant was born into Pietism and was raised on traditional Lutheran values of humility and divine grace.3 He attended Collegium Frierician in Konigsberg, Russia, as a child then, later, attended the University of Konigsberg. He studied classics but, eventually, found interest in philosophy.3 When his mother passed, he was only thirteen, and his father died when he was twenty-two.3 Eventually, Kant left school and started working as a tutor for several families where he lived.3 As time passed, he found himself teaching Privatdozent at the University until he was forty-six.3 He also attained the position of a professor of logic and metaphysics.3Show MoreRelatedKantian Ethics And The Categorical Imperative Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Kantian Ethics and critiques In Elements of Pure Practical Reason Book, I, Immanuel Kant, a prominent late Enlightenment Era German philosopher discusses his most famous ethical theory, the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† The â€Å"Categorical Imperative† is a proposed universal law in stating all humans are forbidden from certain actions regardless of consequences. Although this is the general definition of this ethical theory, the Categorical Imperative† exists in two above formulations, A strictRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Moral Philosophy2217 Words   |  9 Pagesphilosophers have set out on a mission to identify the best method to determine the most morally correct action. Who was Immanuel Kant? Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is one of the most influential philosophers, renowned for his contribution to various branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, aesthetics, and ethics. In relation to the most morally ‘correct’ philosophy, Kant was a vigorous advocate of deontology. He was a firm believer that reason (rational thinking) is the source of moralityRead MoreKant And Kant s Theory1368 Words   |  6 Pages Chapter 11: Question 8 What can be known According to Kant? Immanuel Kant (1731) was commonly known as the opponent of the utilitarianism. Kant believed that there are certain actions such as the murder, theft and lying that were prohibited regardless of the associated happiness that the action would bring. According to Kantian, there exist two questions, which human beings need to ask themselves before acting. One needs to rationalize, if everyone can act as he/ she proposes to act. If any caseRead MoreAn Analysis Of Mill s Utilitarianism And The Impossibility Of The Purely Selfless910 Words   |  4 Pagessociety. In this form of duty, the individual must define the self-sacrifice as being part of the â€Å"good† in and unto itself: â€Å"Its true function must be to produce a will which is not merely good as a means to some further end, but is good in itself (Kant 32). This account of social †duty† defines the completely selfless act as being good on its own merit, instead of having any socially binding conditions. The se are Kant’s views of the way in which an individual can selflessly serve the community throughRead MoreEthics Of The Workplace : Business Application941 Words   |  4 PagesEthics in the Workplace: Business Application Ethics is not a subject that is lost in history with the likes of Aristotle, Plato or Machiavelli, but is relevant in with more modern philosophers such as John Mill, Ayan Rand and Immanuel Kant. Business and higher education centers find ethics relevant enough to hold classes, seminars and pay experts to host on-site training sessions that focus on the relationship between business and ethics. The two subjects are inseparable and even more importantRead MoreEssay on week2assignment1564 Words   |  7 Pagesfacie duties. î   î â€š  The development of proper self-esteem (the duty of self-improvement) in deontology requires that we: Cultivate the good will. î   î â€š  Which of the following, according to Kant, is a characteristic of moral maxims and duties? They are universally binding. î   î â€š  According to prima facie deontologists, a moral duty is binding unless it: Conflicts with a more compelling moral duty. Read MorePhilosophy of Ethics Essay2233 Words   |  9 Pagesrational beings to have a cultivated mind and chose to do things to promote own happiness and to internalize morality. The next form of Modern Ethics is Deontology taken from the Greek word for duty. Founded by Immanuel Kant, Deontology stresses rational principles and responsibility. Kant, known best for his work on epistemology, logic, art, science, religion and morality. He said humans are rational which separates us from animals and gives us intrinsic worth. Since we are rational we have reasonRead More The Ethics of File Sharing Software Essay3352 Words   |  14 Pagesethical perspectives will be discussed. The decision made by software creators to distribute their product with the knowledge that it will be used illegitimately is the ethical issue. The three perspectives will be Kant, Utilitarianism, and Ethical Egoism. Immanuel Kant Perspective Kant created the Categorical Imperative. It is based on ones duty to act as one ought to regardless of his or her personal desires. These categorical actions are based on reason, and that every rational person mustRead MoreProfessional Ethics10396 Words   |  42 PagesJournal of Accounting, Ethics Public Policy  Ã‚   Volume 3, Number 1 (Winter 2003), pp. 1†26 Ayn Rand and Contemporary Business Ethics   Ã‚   Stephen R. C. Hicks Introduction: business and the free society Advocates of the free society think of business as an integral part of the dynamic, progressive society they advocate. In the West, the rise of a culture hospitable to business has unleashed incalculable productive energies. Business professionals have taken the products of science and revolutionizedRead MoreLaw 368 Ethics And Professional Responsibility2016 Words   |  9 Pagesdeontological (duty-based) ethics. This belief system is the normative ethical position that judges the morality of an action based on the action s adherence to a rule or rules and is based on the ‘categorical imperative’ theory of German philosopher Immanuel Kant. That theory states that one should; â€Å"Act only on the maxim through which you can, at the same time will that it should become a universal law.† However, when viewed in this light one can see that Mr Surley’s maxim is flawed as it cannot be applied

Theologians Sallie Mc Fague And Thomas Torrance

THEOLOGIANS – SALLIE MC FAGUE AND THOMAS TORRANCE This paper seeks to compare two theologians, one male, one female, one Trinitarian and one mythological, Thomas F. Torrance and Sallie McFague. At the heart of all of Torrance’s theology is the truth of the Trinity. It is foundational to all of his work. For him, the ultimate purpose of theology is knowing God in a personal way that involves both head and heart. He felt we must be faithful to Scripture’s logic. (Torrance, 2008). Torrance was also interested in the interface between theology and science. He considered his method â€Å"depth exegesis, and† attempted to avoid dualism, believing that method was always responsive to content. He organized his approach around three unique features of Scripture: first, that its theological content is only understood within a framework which derives from the biblical text; second, that God speaks through the written document; and finally, that the Bible blends histo rical and abstract information. His was a three-leveled system: (1) corporate experience in receiving the revelation of the God’s reality as recorded in the Bible; (2) what he called the theological level, voicing an understanding of what God is doing; and (3) the higher theological level, experiencing God. According to him, to hear God speak people need to listen to Scripture. While seeking deeper meaning, Christians must also consider literary and historical features. When interpreting, he wanted people to see God in the

Call of the wild 2 Essay Example For Students

Call of the wild 2 Essay Buck was the loyal companion of Judge Miller. He was a free dog, allowed to go as he pleased throughout the large estate. Buck hunted with Judge’s sons, escorted the girls, even went swimming in the pool, it was the ideal life for a dog and it was soon about to change. It was 1897 and the Klondike strike was luring men to the north. Buck lived in the sunny Santa Clara Valley, a far extreme from the north where he would soon be taken. It all happened when the gardener, trying to settle his dept took Buck for a walk, one that he would not return from. He was transferred form one person to another until he was bought by Perrault. Perrault was a fair and caring Canada Mail carrier. The first days on the sled team where a new experiences for Buck. When his instincts stopped he learned on from his companions. Each dog had to take care of himself as Perrault only had so much time on his hands. If there was one problem it was with his companion Spitz. The two of them where aimed at each others throats from the day they met. It was a constant battle of who was king of the hill, one that would end in the others death. That day came when the team was chasing a rabbit through the woods. Buck was in the lead just inches behind the prey, when Spitz took a shortcut and jumped on Buck. It was a life and death struggle, Buck was bigger, Spitz was skilled. In the End Bucks shear strength prevailed. Once the job was done, Buck was under a new owner. The duty was not to get the fastest time but to pull the most. It was grueling, heavy work each day. The team soon grew tired and slow, it was boring work and Buck hated it. The Driver promised rest as soon as they finished. Unfortunately the government decided to sell tired dogs instead of resting them. The new drivers when Hal and Charles. They where inexperienced gold seekers, and where traveling with a woman. They knew nothing when it came to traveling, packing double what they should have been and wasting time. When the dogs had trouble pulling, Hal bought more instead of lightning the load. The big problem came far into the trip when the ran out of food. Soon the tired, starving dogs began to drop like flies. When the pulled into John Thorntons camps, a tired and pathetic mess. Hal wanted to go across unsafe ice even against Thorntons advice. When Buck refused to continue, Hal whipped him till J John interfered and saved the dog. AS John tended to his wounds they heard the sled go through the ice. John Thornton had saved bucks life! The two made a lasting bond alone with Thorntons previous dogs. Once the ice had cleared Johns companions came back. Buck adored John and they had many good times. Buck even managed to win John big money by pulling a 1 ton sled. With the money John and his companions went to look for a long lost gold mine. Buck loved the life there he was as free as he wanted to be; Buck hunted in t he woods and sat near Thornton by the fire. Strange thoughts came over Buck when he entered the woods. He wanted to gain even more freedom, catching his own food, going away for days at a time. Nature called him farther away from the camp and further into the deep woods. One day when buck came back from a long journey he found the camp raided. Indians had attacked the camp, killing everyone. Buck was devastated, his master had been killed. In a rage of anger he hunted down the Indians, killing all but those who ran away. Once again buck heard the call of the wild.

Moral values free essay sample

It would be gross injustice to categorize all children and youths as lacking in manners and morals, but the general trend would certainly suggest there has been a major decline among many of them. Family values have changed dramatically in the past few decades, producing a crop of undisciplined teenagers and children who lack morals and manners as a result of poor training. Good manners were once the norm with young people very much aware the older generation. Saying please and thank you, giving up a seat on the bus and holding open doors were all considered normal mannerly behavior. Times have changed and we now live in a predominantly me-first society which is reflected in many young people. If good manners are taught at an early age, they will generally continue to be part of the personality of the young child all the way into adulthood. The lack of good manners observed in society in general is no doubt a reflection of the situation found within the home. We will write a custom essay sample on Moral values or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Without parental example and training the area of manners, it is likely the children will sadly lack in displaying them. The same can be said of the lack of morals we find in many of todays youth. A large proportion of children have grown up with little or no respect for authority, for property, for family or even themselves. Living a life of immorality is considered normal behavior today and has produced a bumper crop of young people with venereal disease, unwanted pregnancies and a feeling of emptiness in their lives. Lacking in moral stability, we find young people involved in crime, violence and drug abuse. The so-called freedom they have has actually brought them into slavery to an amoral lifestyle. There is a contrast though in many children and teenagers who are moral and do have good manners, proving that it is still possible to develop these delightful characteristics. It is a real pleasure to come across young people who are mannerly and who have the courage to lead a moral life, not. Moral values free essay sample By moral values, we mean those values principles and beliefs on which a person’s personal and social development depends. These are the rules by which we make decisions about right and wrong, should and shouldn’t, good and bad. To develop character is a basic pillar of moral values. Moral values develop character of a person. It is very truly said that â€Å"If Wealth is gone, nothing is gone. If health is gone, something is gone. But if character is gone, everything is gone.† Teaching moral values is very necessary for the all-round development of a person. It includes discipline, manners and etiquette, behavior, control over oneself, politeness, strength, patriotism, love and care for each other. It also includes speaking truth, no stealing, becoming a good citizen. Moral values are also necessary for developing healthy and friendly relations with everyone. Loss of moral values is a direct loss of the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Moral values or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A child must be given moral education at an early stage. He must be taught the importance of moral, ethical and family values. By Family Values, we mean to have good thoughts, good intentions and good deeds, to love and to care for those whom we are close to and are part of our groups or communities, like parents and other family members and friends too. They must learn to treat others with the same set of values with which they wish to be treated. Ethical values define a set of principles of right conduct. A child must learn moral values in school, many of the schools teach the students to develop their character through books, moral stories, essays, plays .An easy and one of the best ways to impart moral set of values and principles in a child. The child must be taught so as they must be filled with moral virtues such as wisdom, courage, justice. These days, we see some students misbehaving with teachers, people go on strike burning buses, including in bad politics or doing other kinds of harms, thus deteriorating moral values. They are having just opposite qualities of these moral virtues such as they start believing in injustice, tyranny, or may be cowardness. A child gets to know and can easily decide what is right and what is wrong for him, learns to behave mannerly in a society, he understands his responsibilities through moral values. Moral principles held the world  together. So, there is a need of set of moral principles and values to be imparted in the children to make them a better and a responsible citizen.

The eNotes Blog Top Ten Coffee Table Gift Books for theHolidays

Top Ten Coffee Table Gift Books for theHolidays Coffee table books fall into two camps generally: those whose pressing seems to have been authorized merely to appease the desperate shopper who has given as a gift the Random-Bath-Stuff-Basket far too many times and those with real artistic merit.   To help you find those gems among the junk, here are suggestions of my own as well as recommendations from friends and colleagues. 1. Visions of Wright by Farrell Grehan and Terrence Riley This book explores in vivid photographs and interesting information the career of one of the twentieth centurys   most innovative architects, Frank Lloyd Wright. My favorite photographs are of his masterpiece, Fallingwater, shot in each of the seasons. The transformation is simply unbelievable. 2. Virtue and Beauty Leonardos Ginevra de Benci and Renaissance Portraits of Women Edited by David Allen Brown This celebration of the female (and a few select males) in portraiture is lush and lively with plenty of eye-opening historical asides that will teach you how to read Renaissance art things like the symbolism of jewelry, clothing, and hairstyles all had special significance. Artists included in the collection are Filippo Lippi, Domenico Ghirlandaio,  Botticelli, Verrocchio, and Leonardo da Vinci. 3.   Days of Hope and Dreams: An Intimate Portrait of Bruce Springsteen by Frank Stefanko Bruce Springsteen has been a staple of rock and roll for over thirty years. The photographer and author who penned this insightful and visually-engaging portrait of his long-time friend takes a look at The Boss at various stages in his career and offers some behind-the-scenes information about the man and his music.   Introduced to one another by Patti Smith, Stefanko and Springsteen worked together for five years. Stefanko shot the covers of two of Springsteens most legendary albums, Darkness on the Edge of Town and The River. 4.   The Ocean World of Jacques Cousteau by Jacques-Yves Cousteau The ocean is still a great mystery, with much that has never been explored or discovered. However, the grandfather of maritime exploration, Jacques Cousteau, takes readers on a journey of beauty and surprise that many have never seen. Several readers commented that this book, first printed in 1973, was a childhood favorite that would keep them reading and looking for hours. Why not let your own child, or your inner-child/adventurer, do the same? 5.   A Photographers Life: 1990-2005 by Annie Leibovitz Chances are, you are familiar with the work of Annie Leibovitz, even if you do not know her name. She has photographed more celebrities artistically than any other living photographer. Those who have posed for Leibovitz include   Johnny Cash, Nicole Kidman, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Keith Richards, Michael Jordan, Joan Didion, R2-D2, Patti Smith, Nelson Mandela, Jack Nicholson, and William Burroughs, just to name a few. Her work is always sharp and compelling. 6.   Desert to Dream: A Dozen Years of Burning Man Photography by Barbara Traub Since 1986, a counterculture festival has been held in the Black Rock Desert of Nevada and from its humble beginnings (the first event took place on a beach in San Francisco and only a few dozen people attended), Burning Man now attracts some 50,000+ revelers. Burning Man celebrates art in all of its various incarnations and for the last ten years, Barbara Traub has captured the spirit of each unique gathering in her photographs and memories, as well as interviews with participants and organizers. 7.   Lincoln, Life-Size by Philip B. Kunhardt III (et al). History and political buffs alike will be more than pleased with this beautiful book on one of our most beloved presidents. The book spans twenty years of Lincolns life, from 1846-1865. During those twenty years, the toll of the Civil War ages the man considerably. Renowned Lincoln scholar Harold Holzer calls this collection â€Å"the foremost family of Lincoln pictorial scholarship. 8. Baseball Americana: Treasures from the Library of Congress by Harry Katz (et al). You may be surprised to learn that it is not the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown that houses the largest collection of baseball memorabilia; its the Library of Congress. Any baseball fan will be delighted with this collection of cards, advertisements, and rarely seen photographs. There is a reason this game is still called Americas pastime despite other sports that garner more income and viewers. Explore both our past and remember why. 9.   Herblock: The Life and Work of the Great Political Cartoonist Edited by Harry L. Katz The remarkable career of Herbert L. Block, or Herblock as he was affectionately known, is remarkable for a number of reasons, first of which is the artists longevity. He published from 1929 through the first few years of the presidency of George W. Bush.   Secondly, he is the most famous political cartoonist of all time, other than, perhaps, Thomas Nast.   Finally, while many political cartoons lose their punch after a certain point in history has past and become largely irrelevant, much of Herblocks work still finds ground. Journalist Haynes Johnson explains the reason in his introduction: [Herblock] always stood for the underdog, and for the everyman and everywomen among us trapped in, or frustrated by, the ever more complicated nature of modern life. 10.   Coco Chanel: Her Style and Her Life by Janet Wallach There is so much that is enchanting about Coco Chanel, whether it be her rags-to-riches story, her captivation of much of the fashion world of the twentieth century, her fierce independence, or her bewitching beauty. Wallachs beautiful homage shows the couture icon in all her glories, both public and private.

The Most Disastrous Job Interviews [Video]

The Most Disastrous Job Interviews [Video] Maybe you’ve just come from what you consider the worst job interview of your life. First of all, relax, it (hopefully!) didn’t go as badly as you think. Second, realize that we’re all human, and everyone understands how nerve-wracking job interviews are. It’s okay not to be perfect- really. Have a laugh (or a cry?) a mashup of the most disastrous job interviews put to film. You’ll surely look like a superstar in comparison.You’ll get ’em next time, we promise!

The influence Julias Schulman had on the developement and perception Essay

The influence Julias Schulman had on the developement and perception of modern architecture - Essay Example Shulman who is perhaps best known for his work titled: â€Å"Case Study House #22, Los Angeles, 1960†, was born in October 10, 1910 in Brooklyn, New York to Russian Jewish immigrants. At the age of ten, he moved with his family to a farm in California, where he developed a love of nature, something that would be reflected in most of his later on in his life. His compositions have been described as being highly seductive, and they have been hailed as being the ones that helped build the reputation of Los Angeles and Chicago as the preferred destination for people who wanted to reinvent themselves. According to Lubbell and Woods, Shulman’s works â€Å"demonstrate a profound sensitivity to and appreciation for the spaces in which people live†. Shulman was a visionary photographer who was able to see past the seeming lack of life in most of the modern buildings that came to exist in the 20th century. Many people in the photography world concur that Shulman almost single handedly was bale to transform architectural photography with his remarkable yet down to earth images that captured the attention of all and sundry. His images, as they are seen through his lens, offer visions of intrigue and beauty which can only be described as extraordinary. This is no mean achievement for a 20th century photographer. The advent of modern architecture was greeted by widespread pessimism from the general public. Architects found it hard to sell their designs since most people regarded modern buildings as a rebellion from the traditional highly ornate houses they were used to. Shulman’s photography was of much help to the careers of many young and established architects as it helped them get public recognition. Shulman’s photography was also very important in shaping public perception about modern architecture. Some of the buildings featured in Shulman’s works include: Keck and Keck’s Minsk house, 1955, the Burton Frank House, 1960, Harry Weese’s Modern house and studio, 1957, and other masterpiece buildings by the likes of Bertrand Goldberg, Edward Dart, Edward Hunrich, Ralph Rapson and Paul Schweikher (Shulman and Gossel, 1999). For more than 70 years, Shulman was able to document most of his work which featured some of the most magnificent architectural pieces o f the 20th century. Up until the time of his death on July the 15th 2009, Shulman’s work had been showcased not only all around the U.S., but also in many other cities across the world (Amelar, 2009). Shulman’s Work Many young architects actually owe their success to Julius Shulman. Most of the buildings he featured in his photography were built by young up coming architects. His photography was so good that after showcasing their work, most of thee individuals experienced unprecedented success in their work. Most of Shulman’s photography was done in black and white film. One could have expected his images to be dull due to lack of color. However, this was not the case. His architectural photographs were as real a they could be. He brought to life what many people thought to be dull architecture (Reed, 2009). He was able to open people’s eyes to the magnificence of the architecture that many had written off as being lacking in meaning. Shulman’s ca reer started by chance in 1936 when he was asked to take some shots of the Kun House in the Hollywood Hills which had just been completed by Richard Neutra. Immediately after seeing Shulman’s images, Neutra fell in love with his work and commissioned him to take and publish more shots. He also introduced the budding young photographer to other established and up coming

Inclusive Practice in Social Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Inclusive Practice in Social Work - Essay Example Enforcing such a law is just one of the strategies of promoting inclusive practice in the education sector because the government puts enough mechanisms to ensure that even children from poor backgrounds access quality education just as those from well of families. Other states must follow the same example and adopt such policies to ensure that education is accessible and affordable to all children. Right to quality healthcare is one of the fundamental rights enshrined in the constitutions of most countries. As a professional healthcare worker working in the healthcare sector, I will ensure that I treat all the clients equally. I will serve them with respect and in accordance with the accepted professional code of conduct and I will not discriminate anyone on whatever basis. As I offer my services to the clients, I will also share the same idea to them that they embrace inclusive practice at whatever capacity they are in. I will try to influence my colleagues to do the same, to show respect to all clients and treat them in a humane manner regardless of their social, economic or religious backgrounds. In the care homes, the only way to make clients feel at home is to treat them well regardless of their conditions or social standings. Most of the elderly people suffer from degenerative and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, arthritis and high blood pressure. Showing them love and allowing them to participate in decision making makes them more proactive. Sympathizing with their situations is not a solution, rather it is important to encourage and help them overcome their challenges. Inclusive practice in such a context is all about giving the elderly a chance to all make their input in the society and acknowledging that they also have a lot to offer. Therefore, inclusive practice in social work is something very important practice that must be encouraged in social settings such as schools,

Postgraduate Degree Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Postgraduate Degree Statement of Purpose Essay Why I want to pursue Masters in Entrepreneurship and Innovation at Swinburne University I decided to pursue a master’s degree to strengthen my path in entrepreneurship and to eventually become a successful social entrepreneur. I started out my career as a graphic designer, despite my achievements in work I always feel an urge to start my own business and serve the community at large. On that account I started a new beginning for myself, first by teaching at a university and volunteering for social works. Second, with a partner I established a small independent coffee shop serving as a creative community hub and promoting homegrown coffee. I discover that I love the new activities that I’m doing. While acknowledging an even bigger aspiration to be a social entrepreneur, I became aware that it takes more than guts, street savvies and accounting books to actually run a business smoothly. My decision to get this degree abroad is because I believe to be a future leader in any field one needs to have a broad mind and to be exposed with various culture and way of thinking. I choose Australia not only because of its close ties with Indonesia, but also the people’s friendliness and multiculturalism. I was delighted to find out the Swinburne has the exact program that is suitable for my needs with, and I was more thrilled to know the Master of Entrepreneurship and Innovation has a social entrepreneurship stream option. I am confident that getting an Masters of Entrepreneurship and Innovation will not only increase my skills and potential in business, but also give me an edge for me to set up new ventures in social entrepreneurship. I hope you will give me the privilege to continue my studies at your institution.

Silkwoods Working Class :: Movie Film Essays

Silkwood's Working Class [1] Before I begin, I would like to provide some information about where I'm coming from as I look at Silkwood. When I chose this film, I did so in a somewhat desperate attempt to avoid working on a film about war or a biographic film on a male historical figure. Alas, these are the types of films that tend to dominate the historic genre. I turned to Silkwood not as a film about the nuclear industry or a murder mystery, but rather a film about a woman -- not a glamorous woman, but a real woman with flaws. I wouldn't have chosen this film for the nuclear issue alone, as it is before my time and, at least at the onset of the project, I had no real understanding of what the nuclear industry was all about. [2] Though it has been talked about as an anti-nuclear film, the nuclear theme is an underlying one. (A good question to ask is why this is NOT the main issue.) The way I look at Silkwood is the way many reviewers have; the central issue of this film is the story of the working class. I feel that I can comment legitimately on this issue, as the rural Pennsylvania town where I grew up is not too far from Silkwood's Oklahoma countryside (except geographically, of course). Some of the problems the Kerr-McGee workers have are familiar to me. For example, job security, especially now as I write, is of utmost importance in my home community. Like Crescent, Oklahoma, my community in Pennsylvania has one main industry, but it is at least a safe one: tool and die. As technology increases, these jobs are becoming obsolete, and, so, anyone in this trade in my hometown is lacking job security. And this in turn threatens other local businesses that depend on tool and die workers spen ding their money. [3] But back to Silkwood. As an historical film, it immortalizes an image of the working class in Crescent, Oklahoma, as well as Karen Silkwood, their representative. It is important to think about how the film treats the working class -- is the tone condescending, honest, or quaint? And how does Karen fit in as their spokeswoman?

Hubris as a Major Element in Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound Essay

Aristotle created the basis for many different subjects including drama, politics and philosophy. Today, many of his works are constantly studied and his modern ideas are still prevalent in society. In Poetics, Aristotle focuses on the best kinds of tragic plot (Aristotle 20). One of the most important aspects of a perfect tragedy is hamartia, sometimes misinterpreted as tragic flaw. The true definition of hamartia is a fatal error committed by a character that results in a change of fortune. When a character commits hamartia, the audience is subjected to emotions such as sympathy, fear and pity. Although hubris is not explicitly mentioned in the translations of Poetics, it is one of the major causes of hamartia. When hubris is present in the environment, it affects the characters’ choices and decisions. Since hubris can be defined as extreme pride or self confidence (OED), taking advantage of those you have power over is an example of hubris. Fatal errors are committed when hubris is shown towards the character. In the case of Prometheus, hubris brings about stubbornness and rebellion causing him to give the humans fire. Hubris is a vital element in Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound because it helps us understand why the characters behave the way they do. Since Prometheus is the central character as the play is titled with his name, it would be logical to base this essay around him. However, this essay is focused on how Zeus displays and suffers hubris. While Zeus is not a character in the play, he is still a central force because he is constantly mentioned. The play revolves around the fact that Zeus has punished Prometheus by chaining him to a rock. Even though he has no lines, the audience learns of his character through others. It is therefore perfectly valid to refer to him as a character and show how he exemplifies hubris. Throughout the play, Zeus displays hubris towards the majority of the characters. He shows arrogance not only towards those he is angry with such as Prometheus, but also towards his servants such as Hephaestus and Hermes. All of Zeus’s subjects including Io and the brother of Prometheus are subject to the tyranny and wrath of their ruler (Aeschylus 8). One of Zeus’s hamartia is his lack of ability to have friends. During the war between the Titans and the Olympians, Prometheus came to the aid of Zeus and helped him become the successful leader of the present world. Zeus however is so arrogant, that he does not take anyone including Prometheus as a friend regardless of the help he has received from him (Aeschylus 10). Therefore when Prometheus commits the fatal flaw of giving humans fire out of his own whims (Aeschylus 11), Zeus cruelly punishes him. Prometheus recognizes this when he states: â€Å"Behold in chains confined an ill-starred god/The detested of Zeus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Aeschylus 7). Zeus’ inability to have friends results in Prometheus being tied up. The cruelty Zeus shows towards Prometheus is an act of hubris. Prometheus is not the only subject who faces hubris from Zeus. When Io appears, she enters with horns like a cow. Upon prodding from the Chorus, she proceeds to tell us her story. Not only is Zeus incapable of friendship, he is incapable of loving. He wanted to take away Io’s virginity. When her father kicked her out of the house, Zeus turned her into a cow. A gadfly follows her around as a punishment causing her distress and pain (Aeschylus 29). Zeus abuses his power towards both Io and her father threatening that â€Å"if he disobeyed, the bolt of Zeus would visit him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg 29). Since Zeus is in a position of power, he chooses to invoke fear on those he rules over for personal gain. Those who serve Zeus are also unfairly treated. Since Zeus is incapable of friendship, he chooses to operate through fear as opposed to friendship. Hephaestus is one of the servants who does what he is told but clearly shows his displeasure in carrying out Zeus’s commands. Zeus demands him to tie up his friend Prometheus. He tells his fellow servants, â€Å"I have not the heart by force to bind/A god, my kinsman, in this wintry glen.†. He goes on to say that he â€Å"must brazen† himself to do so (Aeschylus 1). This shows us that he is obliged into following Zeus. Zeus takes advantage of those who serve him by using his power to force them to obey his command. Brief references are made to other people Zeus has oppressed. Atlas, the brother of Prometheus represents the many people towards whom Zeus abused his power. This Titan is also bound by Zeus and Prometheus weeps for him. This shows that hubris is so closely entwined in the nature of Zeus that he afflicts everyone in his power with it. Upon examining the play as a whole, it can be argued that Zeus also faces hubris. Since the play is mainly from Prometheus’s viewpoint, there is a bias towards how Zeus is viewed. This does not compensate the actions of Zeus, but shows that the play is one-sided and Zeus cannot defend himself. This form of hubris is an expansion of Aristotle’s original concept. It is a form of irony because only the audience knows Zeus is misrepresented. Prometheus has the power of speech unlike Zeus. Since Zeus is not present to share his view, hubris is shown towards him by portraying him so cruely. Reading Aristotle’s Poetics before reading Prometheus Bound helped me understand why Aeschylus wrote the play the way he did. Had I not read Aristotle before, it would have baffled me as to why Aeschylus would allow for the audience to know Prometheus will eventually be freed. However, now I know that the point of the drama is not to surprise the audience, but to invoke emotions such as pity and fear. I found it much easier to concentrate on one concept of Aristotle and apply it to the play as opposed to applying all of his terms. When I first read Prometheus Bound, Aristotle’s ideas were still fresh in my head. However upon examining the play further and re-reading it while looking for a specific concept, I found that I had missed many things. One of the reasons for this is that I was reading the play instead of watching it. Although this allowed me to re-read anything I did not understand, I could not visualize the actions as much as I would have been able to had I been sitting in an audience. Another reason is the language of the text. Since this play has been translated, it took a lot of effort and constant cross-referencing to understand all the finer details in the play. Because of this, most of my energy was being focused onto understanding the play instead of making connections. While concepts such as hubris are universal in plays and in real life, the way we identify them is constantly changing. Today we may feel the way Zeus treated Prometheus was unjust. However, the question remains if it was considered unjust in the time Prometheus Bound was written. Just like how we cannot use civilization chauvinism when interpreting Japanese plays such as Madame de Sade, we should not use historical chauvinism in interpreting older plays. The views I have presented towards how Zeus displays hubris is valid based on how the world is today and my view of the world. While the definition of hubris remains the same, whether pride, arrogance and tyranny are being shown according to its social context remains to be questioned. For example, women never used to have the right to vote and in fact were not even considered persons by law. At that time, it was perfectly common in society. Today, to say such a thing would be sexist and discriminatory and we could consider women’s lack of suffrage as an example of hubris. The concept of oppression and inequality existed before women had the right to vote, but at that time, it was socially not considered discrimination or oppression. Similarly, treating servants and subjects unfairly through pride and arrogance will universally be considered as hubris. However, it is possible that at the time of Aeschylus, treating those one has power over unfairly was socially accepted. Works Cited Heath, Malcolm. Poetics . London: Penguin Books, 1996. Print. Thomson, George Derwent. Prometheus bound . New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print. â€Å"definition of hubris from Oxford Dictionaries Online.† Oxford Dictionaries Online – English Dictionary and Thesaurus. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. .

Use of Computer in Pharmacy

Communication: Computers are used within pharmacies to facilitate communication. From email to other Internet-based messaging systems, online communication allows pharmacists and other pharmacy staff to keep in contact both within their own organization and within the professional community. Some pharmacy companies have their own Intranet systems for internal communications over the Internet. Prescription Processing: Prescription processing is invariably one of the main activities going on within a pharmacy on a day-to-day basis, and computers are used to make this process more reliable and efficient.Both the customer service side of pharmacy operation and the dispensing aspect are today carried out through the use of computing systems. Pharmacy computers also handle customer service activities such as sales and cash handling within the retail operation. Information: Having access to the Web via pharmacy computers is something that has enhanced the ability of pharmacists to carry out their duties to a higher standard.As well as giving the pharmacy staff access to the vast store of information that is available on the Internet, including those on specialist pharmacy resources, the Internet connects pharmacists to their peers on a global scale. Professional communities for pharmacists operate on-line, creating an atmosphere that is conducive to professional development. Databases: Computer databases for information about medicines, and medical treatment in general, are used within pharmacies.These database systems allow pharmacy staff to find out information about any potential conflicts or health-care problems in a prescribed treatment, as well as information about the details of any particular medicine the pharmacist needs to know more about. This information may include ingredients and potential effects as well as research and scientific data. Error Prevention: Pharmacy computer systems can help to prevent errors in medication, potentially saving lives and gen erally preserving the health of patients.As well as checking medicines and combinations of medicines, these systems can in some cases check on patient information. The availability of such systems varies across the different geographical areas, but in some cases pharmacy computers are able to check on prescribed medicines with specific reference to a patient and their overall health-care picture. Conclusion: We can say that computer is very useful for us. In clinical Pharmacy, Community Pharmacy and hospital Pharmacy crying need to use computer.

A Woman essays

A Woman essays For generations and generations there has been conflict over the duties of women. Since the beginning of time society and the media has portrayed women as passive individuals. In todays society not much has changed there are plenty of people (men and women), who feel a womans place is in the home. This is just one of the many value assumptions that people think women duties are. For many years, I considered my home to be a very liberal one. Coming from a single parent home I thought my mother, who raised me to be a strong individual, was an open-minded individual herself. However, I was wrong. As I grew older my views and values, although somewhat similar to those of my mothers, somehow were different. My mother, ever since I can remember has always worked and provided a decent home for my sister and I. She has always taught us to be independent and never depend on anyone, so you can imagine I was surprised when she stated in the same breathe that as a woman I am suppose to take care of my man. Someone I thought I knew I didnt know at all. My mother assumes that a woman is supposed to serve her man and the man controls everything in the home. She also feels a woman is not lady-like if she doesnt wear a dress, but what exactly is lady-like? Another value assumption that my mother makes is that a woman is determined by her profession. This assumption is often made by many people. For example, many feel if a woman decides to work outside the home, her chosen profession should be that of a secretary. So you can imagine my mothers opinion, when I stated to her that my desire is to learn to become an auto body mechanic. She stated with intense passion that women are not supposed to work in those types of fields. I questioned her statement and she ...

American Indian Movement History and Profile

American Indian Movement History and Profile The American Indian Movement (AIM) started in Minneapolis, Minn., in 1968 amid rising concerns about police brutality, racism, substandard housing and joblessness in Native communities, not to mention long-held concerns about treaties broken by the U.S. government. Founding members of the organization included George Mitchell, Dennis Banks, Eddie Benton Banai, and Clyde Bellecourt, who rallied the Native American community to discuss these concerns. Soon the AIM leadership found itself fighting for tribal sovereignty, restoration of Native lands, preservation of indigenous cultures, quality education and healthcare for Native peoples.​ â€Å"AIM is difficult to identify for some people,† the group states on its website. â€Å"It seems to stand for many things at once- the protection of treaty rights and the preservation of spirituality and culture. But what else? †¦At the 1971 AIM national conference, it was decided that translating policy to practice meant building organizations- schools and housing and employment services. In Minnesota, AIM’s birthplace, that is exactly what was done.† In its early days, AIM occupied abandoned property at a Minneapolis-area naval station to draw attention to the educational needs of Native youth. This led to the organization securing Indian education grants and establishing schools such as the Red School House and the Heart of the Earth Survival School that provided culturally relevant education to indigenous young people. AIM also led to the formation of spin-off groups such as Women of All Red Nations, created to address women’s rights, and the National Coalition on Racism in Sports and Media, created to address the use of Indian mascots by athletic teams. But AIM is most known for actions such as the Trail of Broken Treaties march, the occupations of Alcatraz and Wounded Knee and the Pine Ridge Shootout. Occupying Alcatraz Native American activists, including AIM members, made international headlines in 1969 when they occupied Alcatraz Island on Nov. 20 to demand justice for indigenous peoples. The occupation would last for more than 18 months, ending on June 11, 1971, when U.S. Marshals recovered it from the last 14 activists who remained there. A diverse group of American Indians- including college students, couples with children and Natives from both reservations and urban areas- participated in the occupation on the island where Native leaders from the Modoc and Hopi nations faced incarceration in the 1800s. Since that time, treatment of indigenous peoples had yet to improve because the federal government had consistently ignored treaties, according to the activists. By bringing attention to the injustices Native Americans suffered, the Alcatraz occupation led government officials to address their concerns. â€Å"Alcatraz was a big enough symbol that for the first time this century Indians were taken seriously,† the late historian Vine Deloria Jr. told Native Peoples Magazine in 1999. Trail of Broken Treaties March AIM members held a march in Washington D.C. and occupied the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in November 1972 to spotlight the concerns the American Indian community had about the federal government’s policies towards indigenous peoples. They presented a 20-point plan to President Richard Nixon about how the government could resolve their concerns, such as restoring treaties, allowing American Indian leaders to address Congress, restoring land to Native peoples, creating a new office of Federal Indian Relations and abolishing the BIA. The march thrust the American Indian Movement into the spotlight. Occupying Wounded Knee On February 27, 1973, AIM leader Russell Means, fellow activists, and Oglala Sioux members began an occupation of the town of Wounded Knee, S.D., to protest corruption in the tribal council, the U.S. government’s failure to honor treaties to Native peoples and strip mining on the reservation. The occupation lasted for 71 days. When the siege came to an end, two people had died and 12 had been injured. A Minnesota court dismissed charges against the activists who participated in the Wounded Knee occupation due to prosecutorial misconduct after an eight-month trial. Occupying Wounded Knee had symbolic overtones, as it was the site where U.S. soldiers killed an estimated 150 Lakota Sioux men, women, and children in 1890. In 1993 and 1998, AIM organized gatherings to commemorate the Wounded Knee occupation. Pine Ridge Shootout Revolutionary activity did not die down on the Pine Ridge Reservation after the Wounded Knee occupation. Oglala Sioux members continued to view its tribal leadership as corrupt and too willing to placate U.S. government agencies such as the BIA. Moreover, AIM members continued to have a strong presence on the reservation. In June 1975, AIM activists were implicated in the murders of two FBI agents. All were acquitted except for Leonard Peltier who was sentenced to life in prison. Since his conviction, there’s been a large public outcry that Peltier is innocent. He and activist Mumia Abu-Jamal are among the most high profile political prisoners in the U.S. Peltier’s case has been covered in documentaries, books, news articles and a music video by the band Rage Against the Machine. AIM Winds Down By the late 1970s, the American Indian Movement began to unravel due to internal conflicts, incarceration of leaders and efforts on the part of government agencies such as the FBI and CIA to infiltrate the group. The national leadership reportedly disbanded in 1978. Local chapters of the group remained active, however. AIM Today The American Indian Movement remains based in Minneapolis with several branches nationwide. The organization prides itself on fighting for the rights of Native peoples outlined in treaties and helping to preserve indigenous traditions and spiritual practices. The organization also has fought for the interests of aboriginal peoples in Canada, Latin America and worldwide. â€Å"At the heart of AIM is deep spirituality and a belief in the connectedness of all Indian people,† the group states on its website. AIM’s perseverance over the years has been trying. Attempts by the federal government to neutralize the group, transitions in leadership and infighting have taken a toll. But the organization states on its website: â€Å"No one, inside or outside the movement, has so far been able to destroy the will and strength of AIM’s solidarity. Men and women, adults and children are continuously urged to stay strong spiritually, and to always remember that the movement is greater than the accomplishments or faults of its leaders.†

Professional Ethics Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professional Ethics - Research Paper Example If he decides to send him to the asylum, then he is snatching away his independence but is reducing risk that the patient can pose to himself and others. Thus, the physician has to face a conflict between what is legal and what is ethical. Personal Values and Professional Ethics †¢ The physician interacting with the patient should be honest and straightforward, and should deal with the patient in a candid fashion. †¢ The patient should also be honest with the physician. †¢ The patient’s consent should be considered before sharing, selling or disclosing his personal information. †¢ The patient’s privacy should be maintained by blocking unauthorized access to his health records and personal data. †¢ Informed Consent is about having the capable patient take part in making decisions about his healthcare and treatment process (Wear, 1992). The patient should be well informed about all the circumstances and his wishes and judgment has to be considered by the practitioner. Ethical Theories and Principles According to Rainbow (2002), â€Å"ethical theories and principles are the foundations of ethical analysis because they are the viewpoints from which guidance can be obtained along the pathway to a decision.† Ethical Principles Beneficence. ... Justice. This principle states that physicians make ethical decisions that are fair to the patient and all those who are involved in the treatment process. The decisions should be made on logical bases. Ethical Theories Deontology. This theory focuses on that physicians should stick to their responsibilities when they are facing a dilemma in making ethical decisions. This will help them to make consistent decisions while adhering to their ethical obligations. Utilitarianism. This theory helps the physician to make choices whose consequences are better for the patient. He will make a decision that will yield greatest benefit to all involved. Rights. This theory respects and protects the rights of people as enforced by the society itself. Casuist. This theory enables the physicians to make decision about an ethical dilemma by comparing it to similar dilemmas and their consequences that might have happened in the past. Virtue. This theory is about judging a person through his values and standards rather than by his actions. Application to My Current Practice My current practice as a health practitioner is providing healthcare to e-consumers. I apply all ethical theories and principles because I aim to provide beneficence to my e-patients with least harm I can inflict upon them. I respect their decisions and stick to my ethical obligations. I strictly follow the Casuist theory whenever I am in some kind of a dilemma. For example, once I had to prescribe a diabetes patient to start insulin injections but I found out that his body was too frail to bear the injections twice a day. So, I referred to previous case histories of my patients to find out a

Histology - Fixation techniques Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Histology - Fixation techniques - Coursework Example and Pugsley, M. 2013. An Overview of Colorimetric Assay Methods Used to Assess Survival or Proliferation of Mammalian Cells. Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc, 54 pp. 10-14. [Accessed: 30 Nov 2013]. 3. Immunohistochemistry.us. n.d. Immunohistochemistry Techniques. [online] Available at: http://www.immunohistochemistry.us/what-is-immunohistochemistry/Immunohistochemistry-Techniques.html [Accessed: 30 Nov 2013]. 4. INTRODUCTION TO TISSUE FIXATION-Chapter 12. 2013. [e-book] pp. 1-13. Available through: http://histologycourse.com http://histologycourse.com/Tissue%20Fixation-Lecture%2012.pdf [Accessed: 30 Nov 2013]. 7. Loqman, M., Bush, P., Farquharson, C. and Hall, A. 2010. A CELL SHRINKAGE ARTEFACT IN GROWTH PLATE CHONDROCYTES WITH COMMON FIXATIVE SOLUTIONS: IMPORTANCE OF FIXATIVE OSMOLARITY FOR MAINTAINING MORPHOLOGY. Europeon cells and materials, 19 (1473-2262), pp. 214-227. Available at: http://www.ecmjournal.org/journal/papers/vol019/pdf/v019a21.pdf [Accessed: 30 Nov 2013]. 11. Rolls, G., Chapman, C., Rasanen, M. and Stephen Peters, D. n.d. Histology Sample Preparation. [online] Available at: http://www.leicabiosystems.com/pathologyleaders/topics/histology-sample-preparation/ [Accessed: 30 Nov

Ventus and Business Process Outsourcing Article

Ventus and Business Process Outsourcing - Article Example The company focuses on delivering value to its customers in various areas such as cost-savings, service level quality, and process improvements. The customers chose Ventus due to its superior performance and the cost savings that were incurred. Ventus also provided value added services such as designing specific systems to deal with busy seasons such as holidays, for example, it developed a system for a flower company that dealt with the spike in calls on Valentine’s day and Mother’s day. The Philippine BPO industry has been hit by the global recession. Due to this most companies are forgoing new projects and consolidating outsourcing services in one area to cut cost. The recession has been a major challenge for Ventus as it has decreased the number of present and potential customers. Outsourcing was usually for corporations that were involved in financial services, retailers, and travel firms which were the hardest hit by the recession. Banks and other financial institutions have merged and wrapped up their various operations to cut costs. Companies who have incurred losses have dropped plans to outsource the processes. The fierce competition in the BPO industry in the Philippines will make it more difficult for Ventus and its competitors to survive as the customers decrease and profits fall. Ventus can address the challenges it faces by diversification into other countries apart from America. Before the financial crisis, Ventus had diversified its customer base by reaching out to local customers. Domestic clients cushioned the impact of the global financial crisis on Ventus and helped it sustain profitability and growth. Thus Ventus should focus more of its resources locally and globally. This will enable Ventus to diversify its market and risks.  Ã‚  

Extracting DNA from Fruit in Various Stages of Ripeness

Extracting DNA from Fruit in Various Stages of Ripeness INTRODUCTION This life science based experiment will test strawberries in their various stages of ripeness, in order to see which stage will yield the most extractable DNA. An extraction kit will be designed from common household items, such as salt and detergent, in order to purify the DNA so that it is visible to the naked eye and can be weighed. Three degrees of strawberry will be tested: strawberries that have not fully ripened yet, identified by their firm bodies that are still a mixture of green and red; strawberries that have ripened fully, identified by their firm-but-not-hard bodies and bright red color; and strawberries that are overly ripe, which can be identified by their mushy and easily bruised bodies, as well as their dark red color. PROBLEM STATEMENT Which degree of strawberry ripeness will yield the most extractable DNA: under ripe, ripe, or over ripe? SUMMARY OF PROJECT PLAN First, the 1/2 teaspoon of salt, 1/3 cup of water, and 1 tablespoon of detergent needed for the DNA extraction liquid will be mixed and set aside. Three strawberries of the first stage of ripeness will be placed into a plastic bag and mashed into a pulp. Three tablespoons of the extraction liquid will be added to the bag and blended via the same mashing process. The strawberry mixture will then be poured into a nylon-covered funnel set over a small glass, until the liquid and pulp have been separated. One teaspoon of the strawberry mixtures liquid will then be poured into a test tube. 5 ml of chilled rubbing alcohol will be poured into the test tube after, so that it forms a layer atop the strawberry liquid. A droplet of blue dye will be added to the mix, so that it settles on the DNA between the layers and dyes it blue, making it easier to identify the DNA. The blue DNA will then be measured using milliliter markings on the test tube, and recorded. RELEVENCE Deoxyribonucleic Acid better known as DNA is a set of instructions that can be found in the cells of every living thing. The study of all DNA is very important. Without it, key medical discoveries that save countless lives every day would not be made. Using DNA, we are able to discover diseases a baby could inherit from its parents before birth, to detect whether a suspect is guilty or innocent, and to find chromosomal defects in patients with Downs Syndrome. The study of strawberry DNA specifically is also important, and can be applied to several real world scenarios. For instance, scientists are able to isolate particular proteins and chemicals that have been rumored to slow the spread of cancer. They are also able to clone proteins known for turning strawberries red and creating the strawberries flavor. The study of extractable strawberry DNA at various stages in maturation can also be applied to real world scenarios. Scientists are able to compare the growing process and maturation of strawberries to that of other fruits. It can also be used to advise consumers of when strawberries are at their peak, so that they are able to get the optimal amount of nutrients out of the fruit. A1. Literature Review Two studies were found that related specifically to this one. The first is an experiment conducted in 2009 by William S. Boyd. The second is another experiment conducted in 2005 by Kaeleigh Thorp. William S. Boyd Extracting DNA from Fruit in Stages of Ripeness SUMMARY The objective behind Boyds experiment was to find out whether ripe fruit would yield more extractable DNA than unripe or overripe. His experiment involved bananas, kiwis, and strawberries. The result was that, in the case of the kiwis and strawberries, ripe fruit did in fact yield more extractable DNA. However, he found that unripe bananas yield more extractable DNA than ripe and overripe. He concluded that, as fruit ripens, the nutrients break down and it begins to decompose, which destroys cells containing extractable DNA. CONNECTION As is the case with this experiment, Boyd wanted to know which stage of ripeness would yield the most DNA. COMPARING AND CONTRASTING Procedures Many of the procedures in Boyds experiment were similar yet different. Instead of putting the fruit in a bag and mashing it with his fingers, the fruit was blended in a food processor. The extraction liquid was chilled instead of the alcohol. The strawberry mixture was drained through nylon, but it was filtered and before being poured into the test tube instead of being filtered directly into the test tube. A graduated eyedropper was used to distribute the alcohol instead of pouring the alcohol down the side of the tube (Boyd, 2009). Materials Many of the materials in Boyds experiment were also similar. He used salt, water, and detergent to make his extraction liquid, which are the same materials as the extraction liquid in this study. He used alcohol to bring the DNA fibers together, blue dye to enhance the visibility and measurability of the extracted DNA, and a graduated test tube for measurements. However, there were some notable differences. He added pineapple juice to his extraction liquid, and his experiment used bananas and kiwis as well as strawberries, instead of strawberries alone (Boyd, 2009). Kaeleigh A. Thorp Extracting DNA from strawberries SUMMARY The objective behind Thorps experiment was to determine whether unripe, ripe, or overripe fruit would yield more extractable DNA. Her experiment used primarily strawberries. She hypothesized that ripe strawberries would yield the most extractable DNA, as under-ripe strawberries were not yet fully developed and overripe strawberries were too far into the decomposition process. Her findings supported her hypothesis, as the ripe strawberries did yield more extractable DNA (Thorp, 2007). CONNECTION Thorps experiment had the same objective as this study to find out what stage of ripeness would produce the most extractable DNA in Strawberries (Thorp, 2007). COMPARING AND CONTRASTING Procedures The procedures of Thorps experiment differed very little from this study. She chilled her extraction liquid by sitting it in a bowl of water and ice cubes, where this study did not require the extraction liquid be chilled. She used a blender to mash the fruit, instead of mashing it in a bag using fingers, and added water to it also something this study did not require. Lastly, again instead of using a plastic bag and fingers, she used a glass extraction rod to mix the extraction liquid with the blended strawberries (Thorp, 2007). Materials Thorp used nylon to filer the strawberry mixture, added blue dye to increase visibility and measurability, and used a graduated test tube for measurements, which are all in congruence with this study. However, instead of using salt, water, and detergent to make her own extraction liquid, Thorp used a premade Powdered Buffer made up of sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and papain enzyme. She also used a premade Cell Blaster, containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (Thorp, 2007). A2a. Experimental Design Steps Preparation: Put the rubbing alcohol in a freezer or refrigerator, so that it will be cold enough to use later. Step 1: Extraction Liquid Combine a 1/2 teaspoon of salt, 1/3 cup of water, and 1 tablespoon of detergent in a jar to use as an extraction liquid. Mix it well and set it aside. Step 2: Prepare DNA for Extraction Take 3 strawberries and place it in a plastic bag. Push out all excess air and seal tightly. Mash the strawberry into a pulp by squeezing the bag with fingers. Do this for 2 minutes. Pour 3 tablespoons of the extraction liquid into the plastic bag. Push out all excess air and seal tightly. Mix the strawberry and extraction liquid by squeezing the bag with fingers. Do this for 1 minute. Step 3: Separate Liquid from Solid Stretch the nylon over the funnel. Place the tube of the funnel into a glass. Pour the strawberry pulp and extraction liquid over the nylon-lined funnel. Let the liquid drip into the glass for 30 seconds, or until the nylon stops dripping. Throw away the nylon and pulp. Step 4: Extract the DNA Pour the liquid into the test tube, filling it 1/4th of the way. Retrieve the rubbing alcohol from the freezer. Carefully tilting the test tube, pour the rubbing alcohol so that it runs slowly down the side instead of directly into the strawberry liquid and forms a layer on top of the strawberry liquid. Make sure the alcohol and the strawberry liquid do not mix, as the DNA collects between the layers. Add one drop of blue dye to the mixture. Take a moment to marvel at the blue gel-like substance (DNA made visible) that forms between the layers. Step 5: Measure Extracted DNA Using the graduated milliliter lines on the test tube, measure and record the amount of blue gel-like substance. Step 6: Repeat Process Thoroughly clean the cups, jar, test tube and funnel using water and paper towels. Repeat all of the steps with other strawberries, making sure to record the amount of DNA so a comparison can be made. A2b. Reasoning This method of experimental design was chosen because it called for fewer and more readily accessible supplies, and also because it had fewer and uncomplicated steps. The reasoning behind the method of testing this question was that overly complicated steps allow a higher margin for error. A simpler method provides fewer chances for mistakes to be made. There were several other studies consulted that had methods of testing similar to what is used in this experiment, but there were no other studies that had methods of testing that were the same. The method of testing in this experiment was developed using bits and pieces of other studies. The way this question is being tested is a better way than others because it was developed from bits and pieces of other more complicated studies, making it simpler. A2c. Sequence of Events The first step in collecting the data is adding one drop of blue dye to the layers of strawberry mixture and alcohol. The dye will collect between the layers and highlight the extracted DNA sitting in the middle, forming a blue gel-like substance. This gel-like substance will be measured and recorded using the millimeter markings on the graduated test tube. A2d. Tools Measuring cups Measuring spoons Small jar Graduated test tube Funnel Nylon Drinking Glass 9 Unripe strawberries 9 Ripe strawberries 9 Overripe strawberries 1/2 teaspoon of salt 1/3 cup of water 1 tablespoon of detergent 9 Resealing plastic bags 1 drop of blue dye A3. Variables A dependant variable is what the scientist measures, and is the part of the experiment that relies on changes made by the independent variable. An independent variable is what the scientist varies, and is the part of the experiment that decides the outcome of the dependant variable. A controlled variable is what the scientist keeps the same, and the part of the experiment that must not change in order to ensure that the results are measurable. DEPENDENT VARIABLE: Extracted DNA INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Strawberries in three stages of development: under-ripe, ripe, and overripe CONTROLLED VARIABLE: The amount of strawberries, the amount of extraction liquid, the amount of alcohol, the amount of blue dye, the test tube and all other equipment. A4. Threat Reduction to Internal Validity Threats to the internal validity of this study have been reduced by the simple testable question, the properly identified variables, the control for outside influences, and the solid experimental procedure. MATURATION The experiment will be started and completed in a single day, and will take a maximum of two hours. That will allow sufficient time for each trial to be conducted carefully and for the utensils to be cleansed while assuring that there will be no time for the subjects to change before measurements. REPEATED MEASUREMENTS The experiment will be repeated three times for each type of strawberry, with a new set of materials each time, equating in exactly nine trial runs. Each sample will be disposed of after results are recorded, before the next trial was done none of the samples will be reused, nor will they come into contact with each other. INCONSISTENCE IN INSTRUMENTATIONÂ   In every trial run, the measurements will be taken using the same graduated test tube, glass, jar, and measuring spoons. Every measurement made will be taken in a way identical to the one before it, so that the outcome of the experiment is not compromised. EXPERIMENTAL MORTALITY The experiment is designed so that it cannot be completed without all of the subjects, meaning none of the subjects can drop out or be eliminated without completely derailing the study. This way, the trials will remain the same, and the results will not be compromised. EXPERIMENTER BIAS The experiment did not involve and could not come to any result that the experimenter would benefit directly from. The experimenter remained objective throughout the study. CONTROLLED VARIABLES There are several controlled variables that limit the factors that could skew the results. The tools for measurement remain the same throughout the trials so that there is no chance of new tools not providing the same results. The amount of strawberries stays the same three per trial so that the amount of extractable DNA is not distorted by one trial having more strawberries than the others. The amount of blue dye remains the same throughout the trials so that a larger amount of dye wont make the results seem bigger than they are. A5. Hypothesis: I predict that the ripe strawberries will produce more extractable DNA than both the under-ripe strawberries and the overripe strawberries. This prediction is based on observation. The under-ripe strawberry is still underdeveloped and very firm, meaning that it will likely produce less juice when mashed up less juice, less DNA. On the flipside, the overripe strawberry is overdeveloped and in a state of degradation, meaning that the DNA will likely be broken down and harder to extract. The ripe strawberry will produce more juice than the overripe, and will not be as susceptible to bruising and damage as the under-ripe, meaning it will likely produce more extractible DNA. B. Process of Data Collection The data was collected by first adding one drop of blue dye to the layers of strawberry mixture and alcohol in the graduated test tube. The dye gathered between the layers and around the extracted DNA that sat in the middle, so that it appeared to be a blue gel-like substance. This made the extracted DNA easier to see, which in turn made it easier to measure. The DNA was then measured and recorded using the millimeter markings on the graduated test tube. PROCESS OF RECORDING DATA: TOOLS USED FOR COLLECTION: 1 drop of blue dye Graduated test tube UNIT OF MEASUREMENT USED: Millimeter METHOD OF RECORDING: Unripe Ripe Over-Ripe Trial #1 3/4 ml 3 1/4 ml 1/2 ml Trial #2 1/2 ml 2 3/4 ml 1/4 ml Trial #3 1 ml 3 1/2 ml 1/2 ml B1. Appropriate Methods The methods described above were the best to conduct the experiment on this testable question because they relied less on scales. In many other studies, the ulterior way of measuring was to take a wooden rod, spool the DNA, and weigh it on a milligram scale. The wooden rod would be previously weighed and subtracted from the weight of the DNA spooled rod (science buddies). With the method used here, the rod is cut out of the picture only the DNA itself is measured. By doing this, we ensure that differently-weighted rods cannot skew the weight of the DNA. The drop of blue dye made it easier to see the extracted DNA. It was important that the DNA be clear so that the measurements were at their utmost accuracy. The graduated test tube made it so the DNA did not have to be spooled or moved before measuring, which kept the specimens together and limited the chances of losing or damaging the specimens. Millimeters were the practical unit of measurement, as the amount of extracted DNA is very small. C. Results The unripe strawberries were very firm and still mostly green. They were harder to mash up. The first trial including the unripe strawberries yielded 3/4 ml of extractable DNA. The second trial yielded less with 1/2 ml of extractable DNA. The third trial was the most successful, yielding 1 ml of extractable DNA. The ripe strawberries were softer and bright red all over. They were easier to mash. The first trial including the ripe strawberries yielded 3 1/4 ml of extractable DNA. The second trial yielded less with 2 3/4 ml of extractable DNA. The third trial once again was the most fruitful, yielding 3 1/2 ml. The over-ripe strawberries were very soft, a darker red, and covered in bruises. They were the easiest to mash up. The first trial including the over-ripe strawberries yielded 1/2 ml of extractable DNA. The second trial yielded a mere 1/4 ml of extractable DNA. The third trial produced the same results as the first, with 1/2 ml of extractable DNA. As the graph above shows, the ripe strawberries yielded a much larger amount than unripe and over-ripe strawberries. A single parallel is drawn between the unripe and over-ripe strawberries as they both yielded 1/2 ml of extractable DNA in separate trials unripe reaching 1/2 ml in Trial 2, over-ripe reaching 1/2 ml in trial 1. D. Conclusion The graph above displays how great the leap in extracted DNA was between the strawberry types. Although the unripe yielded higher results than the over-ripe strawberries in two of the trials (Trials #1 and #3), they both produced a minimal amount of extractable DNA when compared to the ripe strawberries. The unripe strawberries did not do as well because they are not yet mature. They provided less juice when mashed up for the extraction process, which provided fewer strands of DNA. The over-ripe strawberries did the worst because they are on the downgrade of maturation. While they provided plentiful juice for extraction, the DNA strands were destroyed in the process of decay. The ripe strawberries yielded the highest amounts of extractable DNA because they are at the hit the highest point of maturation. They provided the right amount of juice for the extraction process, and because they were at their peak, the DNA strands were intact. D1. Confirmation of Hypothesis I predicted that the ripe strawberries would produce more extractable DNA than both the under-ripe strawberries and the over-ripe strawberries. Based on my findings, with the ripe strawberries producing high amounts of extractable DNA where the unripe and over-ripe strawberries produced low amounts, it is evident that the ripe strawberries did yield the most extractable DNA. Therefore, I accept my initial hypothesis. D2. Experimental Design as Key Factor Experimental design is a key factor in science inquiry because it is the part in which groups are given their set treatments. In other words, experimental design is what decides if Group A will get Treatment B and Group C will get Treatment D, or if Group A will get Treatment D and Group C will get Treatment B. Without experimental design, the groups wont be assigned their proper treatments, and a statistical analysis cannot be made. If an experimental design is poorly constructed, it might miss some key components that affect the outcome altogether. For instance, if an experimental design lacks a control, nothing remains constant and some variables may not be counted for. Results of the experiment can be inconclusive, and when that happens, the study is rendered invalid. D3. Replication Replication is the process of repeating the steps of a procedure, so that an experiment can be duplicated again and again with the same results. Replication is important because there is always the possibility that results in a study have been skewed, or an experiment has been conducted wrong. Repeating the process and including several trials provides a way to prove that results are correct and to procure an average when averages are called for. This study is replicable because the instructions are clear and precise so that replication of the experiment as a whole is made easy, and the supplies needed are easy to find and easy to use. D3a. Evaluation of Validity Validity is important in science experiments because it proves the experiment was done correctly and the results were recorded accurately. Having a strong sense of validity means that the variables were measured reliably and strong causal links between the variables were found. REPLICATION This study is replicable in that there were three trials to each study. To confirm which one yielded more DNA than the rest, each type of strawberry was tested in three separate trials that way there were nine collective results each to consider instead of three. This study uses that replication to prove its analysis of the data. RELIABILITY This study is reliable thanks to that use of replication. Each type of strawberry was tested in three separate trials three for unripe, three for ripe, three for over-ripe to make sure the results were constant instead of a onetime occurrence. The results remained the in the same vicinity throughout the trials, proving that they are reliable. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The experimental design remains valid thanks to its simplicity. There was very little margin for error, and so repeating each trial using the same methods and measurements was quite simple. FUTURE QUESTIONS AND STUDIES Future studies might be expanded to use more than just strawberries. For example, one such study could compare ripe bananas to ripe strawberries, or ripe strawberries to ripe kiwis. Other studies might not involve strawberries at all, but replicate this study with a different fruit. For instance, would the results be the same with other fruits? Would ripe bananas yield more extracted DNA than unripe or overripe bananas?

Confucianism :: Papers China Religion

Confucianism Confucianism is the major system of thought in China. It was developed from the teachings of Confucius and his disciples, and concerned with the principles of good conduct, practical wisdom, and proper social relationships. Confucianism has influenced the Chinese attitude toward life, set the patterns of living and standards of social value, and provided the background for Chinese political theories and institutions. It has spread from China to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam and has aroused interest among Western scholars. Although Confucianism became the official ideology of the Chinese state, it has never existed as an established religion with a church and priesthood. Chinese scholars honored Confucius as a great teacher and philosopher but did not worship him as a personal god. Nor did Confucius himself ever claim divinity. Unlike Christian churches, the temples built to Confucius were not places in which organized community groups gathered to worship, but public edifices designed for annual ceremonies, especially on the philosopher's birthday. Several attempts to deify Confucius and to convert Confucianism failed because of the essentially profane nature of the philosophy. The principles of Confucianism are contained in the nine ancient Chinese works handed down by Confucius and his followers, who lived in an age of great philosophic activity. These writings can be divided into two groups: the Five Classics and the Four Books. The Wu Ching (Five Classics), which originated before the time of Confucius, consist of the I Ching (Book of Changes), Shu Ching (Book of History), Shih Ching (Book of Poetry), Li Chi (Book of Rites), and Ch'un Ch'iu (Spring and Autumn Annals). The I Ching is a manual of divination probably compiled before the 11th century BC; its supplementary philosophical portion, contained in a series of appendixes, may have been written later by Confucius and his disciples. The Shu Ching is a collection of ancient historical documents, and the Shih Ching is an anthology of ancient poems. The Li Chi deals with the principles of conduct, including those for public and private ceremonies; it was destroyed in the 3rd century BC, but presumably much of its material was preserved in a later compilation, the Record of Rites. The Ch'un Ch'iu, the only work reputedly compiled by Confucius himself, is a chronicle of major historical events in feudal China from the 8th century BC to Confucius's death early in the 5th century BC. The Shih Shu (Four Books), compilations of the sayings of Confucius

V for Vendetta(Graphic Novels)

Graphic Novel â€Å"V for Vendetta† Close to the novel 1984 Which colors are associated to the 3 main characters? V: red white black Evey: Orange Finch: grey Themes: vendetta freedom the man behind the mask. Is V good? There is no good and bad in this story, it just right and wrong. How is terrorism justified? How is tourism justified? What are the danger of democracy and dictatorship? V, meaningful All the chapters’ titles are beginning Being free or nothing Chasing freedom is human’s nature. But it is also very selfish Key Terms: Norsefire: the government. The Nose: smell the criminalsThe Ear: Listen to what people are talking secretly The Eyes: Spy The Mouth: the voice from the government. The fingers: secret polices The fate computer: The god, Susan is in loved with it The voice of fate: the voice from god. Larkhill: the prison where change V Batch 5: the experiment on V The Shadow Gallery: V’s lair Anarchy: no government, the main idea of the book. Fa scism V: enigmatic terrorist Personal Accountability Moral ambiguity Surveillance V is not a person but a symbol, an idea Identity, individuality, idea Freedom Evey’s personal growth through the story At first, initially and fearfulWhen V tortures her, he takes everything away from her except her ideals. He forces her to defend her ideals, against pain of death, he free her from her fear, and gives her the tools necessary to defend that last inch of her Totally Free In the story, everyone hide behind a mask Essence vs. Existence To be outside: the person that you are can be seems by others What I do define who I am———–Existence What I am define what I do——–Essence What makes you unique? My surface and the personality. What is your weakness as individual? Lazy and lukewarm What is your strength as an individual? Not easily frustrated.Optimistic†¦ Everyone can work and communicate. A few people will control other people. Val erie and Ruth It’s small and it’s fragile and it's the only thing in the world that’s worth having. Last Inch It is what remains after everything has been stripped away. It's what we hold on to the most. It's what we cherish the most. It's the core of who we are. Believe, love, everyone is different. Become transfixed, impossible to move. Become Transfigured Remain what you feel right now. Don’t change anymore, show the last inch of you to everyone. Gustave Le Bon Group Psychology * Group breed conformity You become your job(Zimbardo 1972) * Leaders gain trust by conforming * Groups can improve performance * People will loaf Zimbardo Experiment Change the rules Some people want to become leaders Groups breed conformity Asch 1951 People affect people’s idea Leaders gain trust by conforming Initially fitted with the group and slowly suggested the new idea Performance-Triplett 1898 noticed that racing cyclist with a pacemaker covered each mile about 5 seconds quicker than those without People will loaf-Ringlemann 1890’s found participants in a tug o’ war would put 50% less effort when they were team on 8 then when they are alone Why? People can be compare. March 14th Talk about individuality vs. behavior Think Talk What is V as a symbol? The mask, Letter V, What does V embody Hide your identity. He is who he chooses to be. Inspire Fear/Someone’s face V-victory; room number; versus/conflict; peace; VERITAS-truth; Violet Carson, Valerie V’s mask represents a few things. On one level, it represents the concept of identity vs. the ideal V’s true identity is never revealed because it doesn’t matter who he turned out to be- he represents a greater ideal, and abandoning his individual identity underneath the mask is the embodiment of that.The mask also represents opposition and revolt, due to the origins of its design. The mask is modeled after Guy Fawkes, who is known for attempting to blow up the British Parliament on November 5th, 1606 This also ties back to abandoning the individual behind a greater ideal-Guy Fawkes come to represent revolt in a larger sense, and the mask comes to represent Guy Fawkes. Remember remember the fifth of November, gunpowder, treason and plot, I have no reason that the day should ever be forgot. Finally, it represents becoming accountable for oneself and personal growth.Evey’s transformation culminates when she dons the mask, transforming into the embodiment of something greater than herself.? Choose your mask, mask define differently Vox POPULI-Voice of People-bullocks The letter †V† appears extensively throughout the narrative†¦.. V’s distinctive symbol, a V within a circle, often appears defacing party property, and accompanies a deliberate act of defiance by V. Anarchy means no leader. Later in the novel, after V compromises Norsefire’s ability to monitor their constituents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. a girlâ⠂¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. anarchy†¦ V also represents epiphany transformation and self-actualization.Several characters, when they reach a new understanding about themselves or the world around them, raise their arms to the sky, forming a V shape. This occurs when Finch comes to understand the power he had over his own life, and as Evey takes the mask of V. If you let someone decide for you, don’t complain What is good is the enemy of right. March 15, 2013 symbolism and V Find one piece of art which can represent analyze you. Why does V wear a mask? Do we see V’s real face? What would be the effect of revealing his face? To the characters within the story? To the reader?Salute to Guy Fawkes Reflection In wearing a mask, V becomes something bigger than himself. He becomes the living embodiment of an ideal. The idea is stronger than the individual, and while the individual is meek and scared and has no real power over itself or others, the idea can be invincible in the face of e ven the harshest opposition. Bring thesis questions that you will answer yourself about HUGO 1, what are the notions of identity individuality? How can we define our freedom? Is it absolute right and wrong? Is it pursuit happiness of break to reaching freedom?Must think about the visual†¦. Susan gets murdered we felt sorry. When V’s dead there is something wrong. V fights for freedom with fascism. May as well say good vs. Evil But upon closer inspection, things become more strayed. V kills guilty and innocent alike, and even kills the guilty regardless of their remorse. Likewise, to achieve his ends, he captured tortured and emotionally broke down Evey, brain fresh her. In any other story, they would be the acts of the villain. The members of Norsefire are depicted as having varying degrees of redeeming ng qualities.Finch immediately comes to mind; he is a high ranking official in the government and does hunt down and eventually kill V, but he done so because it’s what he thinks is right. Even Susan, the leader of the fascist regime, genuinely believes he’s doing what's best for everyone, even if they thinks’ pleasant. Chaos Abnegation Susan loves the country, but not his power. V and Susan are actually quite similar. They are the two sides of the same coin. Alan Moore intentionally crafted this moral gray area between the characters. Life is not black and white, and very rarely are there clear-cut good and evil people out there.Everyone has varying degrees of both within them; it’s the human condition. We are all ruled by our drives and our values, and they are constantly at war with one another. The shadow Gallery: pursuit of happiness and content. The gallery represent happiness both its positive and negative qualities. On one hand, t is filled with culture;s treasures the best things human hands have crafted. V is shown to enjoy things like music†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦art†¦. represents to the reader that the pleasures of life have their time and place and can be positive influence on our lives. However, Evey is shown to become dependant on the Gallery.She feels safe there, she is happy there. Because she is content not challenge the greater evils that lurk outside the Gallery’s wall. She makes no attempt to affect greater change. A visual metaphor is used which depicts V performing a magic trick for Evey where he makes a caged rabbit disappear, and then reappear, only to make the cage disappear. Happiness and complacency will stand in the way of greater, underlying problems getting solved. In short, the shadow Gallery represents how happiness is confused with content and can be fulfilling but can also hold back greater change. .

Analysis of Madame Bovary

The story begins with Charles, a young boy who is scorned by his peers in school. He lived a life of mediocrity and dullness even as he grew older, failing his first medical exam and ends up being a second rate doctor. His mother finds him a would-be rich wife, who dies leaving him less money than he expected. Soon afterwards, he meets and falls in love with Emma, the daughter of one of his patients and marries her. However, Emma grows disappointed as her new life of marriage failed to meet her cravings in life. She also felt the same even when she gave birth to Berthe, the Bovarys’ first child. Soon, she starts a romantic affair with Leon, whom the couple met earlier, but felt guilty after finding out that he loved her. Leon, convinced that Emma would never love him back, goes to Paris to study law, leaving the latter miserable. Emma then meets Rodolphe, a wealthy neighbor, and begins a passionate affair with him and even borrows money from a merchant, Lheureux, to buy him gifts. Charles on the other hand, is in trouble for following the medical procedure suggested by Homais, a bourgeois who talks about things he doesn’t know anything about. The medical procedure leads to the amputation of a patient’s leg due to gangrene. After some time, Rodolphe grew bored of her and ends the relationship, leaving Emma very ill. After her recovery, they watch an opera in the nearby city of Rouen and again meet Leon. Emma and Leon rekindle their love affair. This time, however, Emma and Leon grew tired of each other and decide to part ways. Meanwhile, Emma is unable to pay her debts even after pleading for help from both Rodolphe and Leon, forcing Lheureux to seize her properties. This causes Emma extreme sorrow and misery, which ultimately results in her committing suicide by swallowing arsenic. Charles, for a short while, preserves the memory of his wife, but soon discovers the love letters from her past affairs. He dies alone in his garden, struck with pain and agony, leaving their daughter Berthe to work in a cotton mill as an orphan. Analysis Basically, there are many scenes in the story that could one way or another portray realism but possibly the best example is Emma’s affairs with Rodolphe and Leon. This is, without a shadow of a doubt, an act of adultery, which is common among families in the real world and committed by both the husband and the wife. In the story, the example used was the wife’s boredom and frustrations with her husband, who is unable to satisfy all aspects of her needs. Charles’ laziness, mediocrity, and incompetence disappointed Emma as she yearned to live a life of higher status, something that he failed to give her thereby causing the latter to commit adulterous acts. The supposed union of Emma and Charles dissolved during their deaths leaving their only child, Berthe, a poor and helpless orphan. The dysfunctional family of three characters portrays a common scenario in the world and also conveys the message that ultimately, it is the children who suffer most. One other theme the story depicts is the â€Å"showpiece of French realism.† The story took place in the 19th century France, a period where bourgeois or French people belonging to the middle class thrived. Emma was basically a bourgeois but was clearly dissatisfied with her status as she constantly wanted more. She clearly didn’t like this group of people and wanted to escape her apparent â€Å"prison† of being in the middle class. Her hatred for her class also possibly echoes the sentiments of the novel’s author, Gustave Flaubert. This was further emphasized with the depiction of Homais as a pharmacist of the bourgeois class who spoke a lot about things he actually didn’t know of. Charles and Homais’ incompetence fuels Emma’s hatred for the bourgeois even more. Historically, these feelings toward the bourgeois became a growing trend among people in France during the 19th century so in a sense it depicted what the conditions of the people were and how they felt during that period. Works Cited Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. USA: Penguin Classics, 2002.